What does the hierarchy of needs range from?

The hierarchy of needs, proposed by Abraham Maslow, ranges from physiological needs to self-actualization. This theory suggests that human motivation is structured as a pyramid, where basic needs at the bottom must be satisfied before individuals can attain higher-level needs.

Physiological needs include the fundamental requirements for human survival, such as food, water, warmth, and rest. Once these basic needs are met, individuals can move on to safety needs, followed by social needs (belongingness and love), esteem needs, and ultimately, self-actualization, which represents the realization of one's potential and personal growth.

The hierarchical structure illustrates that higher-level needs become prominent only after lower-level needs are sufficiently addressed. This progression showcases the motivational aspects of human behavior, emphasizing that fulfillment in life often requires first ensuring that basic needs are met before pursuing personal development and self-fulfillment.