What is the mechanism called when unpleasant memories are unconsciously pushed out of awareness?

The mechanism you’re asking about is repression. Repression is a defense mechanism identified by Sigmund Freud, where an individual unconsciously blocks out memories or thoughts that are distressing or unpleasant. This occurs as a way to protect the individual from psychological pain. Unpleasant memories may include traumatic experiences or anxiety-inducing thoughts that, if consciously recalled, could lead to significant discomfort or emotional distress.

By pushing these memories out of awareness, the individual is able to function in daily life without being overwhelmed by negative emotions linked to those memories. This process is not a conscious decision; rather, it happens automatically, sometimes leaving individuals unaware that they have unresolved issues that need to be addressed.

The other mechanisms mentioned serve different psychological functions. For example, sublimation involves channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities. Denial is a refusal to accept reality or facts, leading to a rejection of emotional responses. Projection involves attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings or thoughts to others. Each of these defense mechanisms plays a distinct role in how individuals cope with stress and emotional conflict.