What is the term for the physiological changes that occur during sexual arousal in both men and women?

The physiological changes that occur during sexual arousal in both men and women are accurately described by the term "vasocongestion." This process refers specifically to the engorgement of blood vessels in the genital area, leading to swelling and increased sensitivity. Vasocongestion is a key part of the sexual response cycle, which includes various phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

While the sexual response cycle encompasses the broad range of physiological and psychological changes that occur during sexual activity, the specific term for the engorgement and increased blood flow associated with arousal is vasocongestion.

The plateau phase is one of the stages within the sexual response cycle where arousal is heightened, but it doesn't encompass the initial physiological changes of arousal. The resolution phase occurs after orgasm, marked by the body's return to its pre-arousal state, and does not address the initial changes associated with arousal.

Thus, understanding these terms in the context of the sexual response cycle helps clarify the distinct processes that occur during sexual arousal, with vasocongestion being a foundational aspect of that physiological response.