What psychological process is characterized by avoiding certain thoughts or memories?

The correct answer is rooted in the concept of repression, which is a defense mechanism proposed by Freud. Repression involves the unconscious blocking of distressing thoughts, memories, or feelings from awareness. This process happens automatically, where an individual is not even aware that they are avoiding certain thoughts or memories. A classic example of repression might involve someone who experienced a traumatic event but cannot consciously recall it, allowing them to function in daily life without being overwhelmed by that distress.

While other options like denial, suppression, and dissociation also relate to handling uncomfortable thoughts or emotions, they do so in different ways. Denial is characterized by refusing to accept reality or facts, thus keeping those thoughts at bay consciously, whereas suppression is a conscious effort to push away thoughts or emotions. Dissociation involves a disconnection from thoughts, feelings, or sense of identity, which can occur during highly stressful situations to help maintain psychological stability. In contrast, repression focuses on the unconscious aspect of avoiding thoughts and memories.