Which theory suggests that tension motivates behavior to restore a resting state?

Drive-reduction theory is the correct choice as it posits that individuals are motivated to take actions that decrease the tension caused by unmet biological needs, such as hunger, thirst, or the need for warmth. When these needs create a state of discomfort or tension, the resulting drive motivates behavior aimed at restoring balance or homeostasis. For instance, when a person feels hungry, the discomfort spurs them to seek food, thus satisfying the need and reducing the tension.

This theory emphasizes the biological basis of motivation, suggesting that humans and animals engage in behaviors not just for the sake of those activities, but primarily to return to a state of equilibrium. This aligns closely with how physiological needs are prioritized, marking this theory as fundamental in understanding the motivational processes related to survival and well-being.