Which type of interference occurs when new learning disrupts the recall of older information?

Retroactive interference is the phenomenon where new information interferes with the ability to recall previously learned information. This occurs because when new memories are formed, they can disrupt the retrieval process of older memories. An example of this could be a scenario where someone learns a new phone number that makes it challenging to remember an old number. The newly acquired information effectively "overwrites" or hinders access to the older information due to the competing nature of the memories.

The other concepts mentioned do not fit the description given in the question. Proactive interference refers to the difficulty in learning new information due to the interference from older memories, while state-dependent and context-dependent interference involve the influence of external states or contexts on memory recall rather than the competition between newly acquired and older information. Therefore, retroactive interference is uniquely suited to describe the situation where new learning disrupts the recall of older information.